Fantom 入门与概述（docIntro）

原文: https://finproducts.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/JIDD3/pages/34793586706/FIN+5.3.1+docIntro 中文整理基于 FIN 5.3.1

Fantom 入门与概述（docIntro）

Fantom 概述与入门指南

chapters


Fantom Readme	发行版说明
StartHere	如何入门并使用文档
Tour	Fantom 特性速览
WhyFantom	为何打造 Fantom、要解决什么问题
HelloWorld	Hello World 入门
Faq	常见问题
License	Academic Free License 3.0
Change Log	各构建版本变更列表

变更日志（Change Log）

本章为版本变更明细，保留英文便于检索 API/构建号；学习语言请优先读 Tour、WhyFantom、HelloWorld。

Build 1.0.82 (26 Jun 2025)

New fanc tool for transpiling to Java source
Java make List/Map generic types
Java List implements java.util.List
Java Map implements java.util.Map
Java make fan.sys.Type subclasses package scope
Java make all Map and List constructors package scope
Compiler: rename CParam.paramType to type
Compiler: rename CMethod.returnType to returns
Compiler: rename CField.fieldType to type
Compiler: rename MethodDef.ret to returns
Compiler: rename FuncType.ret to returns
Default default WebJsMode to es
Add File.withIn and File.withOut
Add StrBuf.joinNotNull
Add Win.devicePixelRatio
Add Stroke.scale
Add Doc.hasFocus
Add Win.hisState
Add concurrent ActorContext
Add util::SyntheticFile
Date convenience methods for quarter, year
ES support for IntArray and FloatArray
New docs: Interop, Java, and Fanc
Add string literal escape sequence for \u
Improve surrogate pair support in Java
France locale change start of week from Sun to Mon

Build 1.0.81 (6 Dec 2024)

New markdown pod
New util::Console API
Rewrite fant in Fantom as new util::TestRunner class
Add dom::Storage.keys to iterate all keys
Add new SqlConnPool API
Add support for postgres TEXT[] type
Support for static once methods
StrBuf.addRange
Add double checked locking into ClassType.java reflect and finish
Add sql escape syntax for "@" and ""
Deprecate old, undocumented sql escape syntax (This is a breaking change)
Add sql::Statement.executeBatch method
Add concurrent::ActorMsg
Add List/Map setNotNull
Fix PathEnv via fan.props to order path correctly
Unit db change sec and hr primary symbol to match Duration format

Build 1.0.80 (23 Apr 2024)

New ECMA class-based JavaScript design
Move fwt pods into separate repo
Crypto JWT and JWK APIs
Actor queue overflow limits
Add Doc.elemFromPos, elemsFromPos
Add Event.keyChar
Add new dom HttpSocket API
New concurrent Lock API
Add Graphics.drawEllipse,fillEllipse
Add Image.render and Image.write
Fixes for Crypto EC keypair support
Fix Time.minus 24hr boundary checks
Allow mixins to have non-abstract fields if no storage required
Fix Color HSL implementation to match browser behavior
Add MimeType.isText
Add util::LockFile
Redesign ES compiler to not generate code for every pod
Include TypeScript decl file in pods with JS code
Prompt support for jline 3
#2909 RGB to HSL conversion
#2912 remove Future.state

Build 1.0.79 (17 Jul 2023)

New yaml API
Zip.readEach, Zip.unzipInto
StrBuf.reverse
List.eachNotNull
Env.path
New util::FileLoc class
IpInterface.prefixSize
HttpReq.postFormMultipart
Convert File.copy to use NIO
Add WebRes.statusPhrase
Add Win.clipboardReadText,clipboardWriteText
Date toLocale support for quarter
Fix charset handling on wrapped InStreams
Enhance compiler to allow covariant dynamic calls
Elem.closest
Event.relatedTarget
New BuildPod "js" target to stage for Node.JS
JS support for file API when running in Node.JS
Deprecate Future.state in favor of Future.status

Build 1.0.78 (26 Apr 2022)

New graphics APIs: GraphicsEnv, Graphics, Image, Stroke, Paint
Canvas rendering via Elem.renderCanvas
New Java2D graphics implementation
Deprecate Font.metrics & DeviceContext in favor of Graphics.metrics
Deprecate Int/Float clip in favor of clamp
Duration.clamp
Str.eachWhile
WebOutStream.main
ConcurrentMap.getAndSet
dom: ResizeObserver

Build 1.0.77 (2 Sep 2021)

Distribution zip now shipped without tests
List groupBy, groupByInto
Move examples/js/ -> examples/webfwt/
Env.compileScriptToJs
Add new examples/js/ sample code for different JS use cases
New WebOutStream.initJs that deprecates WebUtil.jsMain
Move obix out of Fantom into Haxall repo
js: New formal Env.var initialization design for JS
js: TimeZone.cur now defaults to Env.var or queries browser for best match
js: Locale.cur can now be defaulted via Env.var
New asn1 pod
New crypto pod
New SocketConfig and TLS support in inet
#2652: List.groupBy()
#2798: JS Test Code

Build 1.0.76 (10 May 2021)

Allow This to be in any func param position as method param
Allow once methods to be used on const classes
Add once as new fcode bitmask flag 0x80000
BoolArray clear, eachTrue, getAndSet
Int.clip, Float.clip
dom: Elem.fromNative fix if already Elem instance
domkit: SashBox.onSashResize
WebClient.authBasic
Minor enhancements to compilerDoc APIs
#2488: Javascript - No warnings on func params
#2820: Proposal: once methods on const classes

Build 1.0.75 (24 Aug 2020)

Move repo from BitBucket to GitHub
List addNotNull, mapNotNull, findNotNull
Map addNotNull, mapNotNull, findNotNull
Deprecated List.addIfNotNull, Map.addIfNotNull
domkit: Add DropTarget.onLeave callback
Updates to original documentation
Actors now yield based on time instead of msg count
Actor improved diagnostics
ActorPool.balance experimental method
Future is now abstract
Pod flattenDepends, orderByDepends
Remove JS fixed sourceMappingURL in favor of SourceMap header
New web::FilePack class
Add opts to Zip.writeNext
New math pod
#2428: Remove actor message serialization
#2669: js: Ordered map is unordered after serialization
#2726: Serialising Nested Maps
#2770: JS: Type methods (undefined)
#2781: Proposal to remove Xmx512M as default option
#2809: JS: Depend.equals()
#2810: JS: Decimal.toStr()

Build 1.0.74 (2 Mar 2020)

Java 8 runtime required
Compiler support for Jigsaw Java 9+
Binary integer literals prefixed with "0b"
List/Map addIfNotNull
Buf.bytesEqual
Env.indexPodNames
dom: HttpReq.send support for sending DomFile as raw content
dom: HttpReq.onProgress callback
dom: allow Dialog.title to take Elem content in addition to Str label
dom: Event.fromNative
dom: Elem.scrollIntoView
domkit: Dnd support for DomFiles
domkit: DragTarget.onDragImage
Enhance Regex to support cross-platform flags
Update timezone database to tzinfo 2019c
web: WebRes.removeCookie
#2673: JS: Unimplemented methods on Pod.js
#2760: JS: Backwards compatibility issue
#2784: fan.sys.FileBuf.toDigest() bug

Build 1.0.73 (21 May 2019)

WebReq isGet, isPost conveniences
PathFile Java implementation
Prep for JDK 9 support

Build 1.0.72 (14 Mar 2019)

fanr: Eggbox is now the default fanr repo
Rework Java Buf APIs
dom: fix DomCoord to be const
dom: add Win.log
domkit: fix Tree.onAction to not fire on expanders
domkit: fix SashBox bug where nested resizable SashBoxs could throw NPE
domkit: fix SashBox Float.toLocale to use Locale.en to force . decimal
Date yesterday, tomorrow
List.containsSame
ext2mime: Add otf,ttf,woff,woff2
web: default SameSite attribute to "strict" on all cookies
#2711: FEP 1: fan build command line tool
#2724: Float.toLocale()
#2726: Serialising Nested Maps
#2730: BugFixes for domkit::ListButton
#2739: Lists of Lists

Build 1.0.71 (29 May 2018)

List.flatMap
concurrent: add ConcurrentMap
dom: add DomFile.ext
dom: add Geolocation API: geoCurPosition, geoWatchPosition, geoClearWatch, DomCoord
dom: add Elem.fromHtml
dom: fix Style.effective security exception
domkit: add GridBox.insertRowBefore, GridBox.rowIndexOf
domkit: add AccordionBox.isExpanded, expand
domkit: sdd Popup.fitBounds to verify overflow for async loaded content
domkit: support for MenuItem.disabled
domkit: add Combo.onItem to customize list items
domkit: FlowBox support for non-px gap units
domkit: SashBox support for non-px and mixed size units
domkit: rework SashBox resizable to use explicit divider children
inet: add broadcastAddrs to IpInterface
inet: add isLoopback and isSiteLocal to IpAddr
wisp: remove deprecated WispService.port field
wisp: allow session cookie name to be configurable
#2670: NodeRunner does not work on Windows
#2694: JS: Deserialisation bug

Build 1.0.70 (8 Nov 2017)

Require Java 1.7
js: Node.js-based NodeRunner now default js runtime for fant -js
graphics: new graphics API
dom: remove dom::Size; convert to float-based graphics::Size
dom: remove dom::Pos; convert to float-based graphics::Point; Move Pos.rel -> Elem.relPos
dom: formalize Elem attr vs prop; get/set routes to attr; trap to prop
dom: remove Elem.draggable (use elem->draggable)
dom: Win.confirm
dom: Win.scrollPos, scrollTo, scrollBy
dom: Doc.activeElem, Doc.head
dom: Doc.elem -> elemById
dom: Doc.exec
dom: Elem.attrs,attr/setAttr, Elem.prop/setProp
dom: Elem.clone, Elem.hasChildren, Elem.ns
dom: Elem.fromNative
dom: Event.get,set,trap
dom: HttpReq.withCredentials
dom: DomFile support
dom: Style.addPseudoClass
dom: Doc/Elem support for creating namespaced elements
dom: add Java peers for Elem,Style,Event
domkit: DragTarget.onEnd, DropTarget.onOver
domkit: add GridBox.removeRow, removeAllRows
domkit: change GridBox cell key "all" -> "*"
domkit: add Link.target
domkit: fix SashPane.sizes setter to update style
domkit: add WellBox
domkit: add ButtonGroup.enabled, inheritEnabled, onBeforeSelect
domkit: add Table.onHeaderPopup
domkit: add Checkbox.indeterminate
domkit: add TreeNode.parent,isExpanded methods
domkit: make TreeNode abstract; remove Obj field/ctor arg
domkit: add TreeNode.onTreeEvent support
New docDomkit manual
Add options to Zip deflate in/out methods
Fandoc support for explicit img size
Float.isNegZero, normNegZero
compiler: fix to check invalid coercion with shortcut assignments
fandoc: add support for horizontal rules
Make sys::TestErr public
concurrent: add Future waitFor and waitForAll
#1386: js: dynamic invocation of a slot inherited from a mixin
#1421: js: equality operators compile like assignments
#1986: Fanr pod cache out of sync with the FileRepo
#1988: Nullability problems with facet
#2090: JS: Abstract class creation
#2357: URI Encoding / Decoding
#2388: fandoc: Wrapping an image in a link
#2457: super.trap() in Javascript
#2483: Method.func.typeof is not parameterized
#2499: Compiler check for shortcut with Int to Float implicit cast
#2511: Check null safe chaining with shortcuts
#2519: Date/Time toLocale support for single quote literal
#2540: Edge cases and java.lang.VerifyError
#2551: New line char after Markdown links
#2577: js: missing Uri.hash implementation
#2592: VerifyError for value based null check in it-block ctor
#2620: Err.trace dump to stderr
#2629: Javascript: List.unique() throws NotImmutableErr

Build 1.0.69 (14 Jul 2016)

Initial domkit code
dom: Doc.onEvent, removeEvent
Buf.toFile to create in-memory "files"
Str.mult
Wisp: remove pipelining support
#2518: change readLine max to be null
#2528: FAN_HOME and fanlaunch.bat
#2536: NPE when compiling scripts

Build 1.0.68 (6 Apr 2015)

Windows replace exe launchers with batch scripts
Windows fansc service controlller
JsonOutStream: remove newlines from output
WispService.extraResHeaders
Doc: deprecate query, queryAll -> use querySelector, querySelectorAll
Elem: add Style type
Elem: trap support
Elem: deprecate hasClassName, addClassName, removeClassName -> moved to Style
Elem: deprecate name, val, checked -> use trap operator
Elem: deprecate first, last, prev, next -> firstChild, lastChild, prevSibling, nextSibling
Elem: deprecate find, findAll in favor of querySelector, querySelectorAll
Elem: add animate(), replace(), scrollPos, scrollSize
Elem: drag and drop API support
dom: add MutationObserver
dom: add WeakMap
DomEvent renamed to Event; rework API to use dom::Key
Map.getChecked
Win.hisReplaceState
Win.screenSize
JS compiler optimized closure call sites
JS source map support
JS support for compressed timezone database
HTTPS support for WispService
Rework WispSession to use immutable session maps
WebSocket prototype
Change Java emitter to raise exception in abstract factory methods
Range.eachWhile
Enhance Env.props to work with pods
Method.paramDef reflection (JVM only)
Immutable Buf support
Buf.pbk to add PBKDF2 support
Enhance Future API: state, complete, and completeErr
Deprecate Actor.sendWhenDone in favor for sendWhenComplete
InStream.readNullTerminatedStr
Bit I/O: OutStream.writeBits, InStream.readBits
MarkdownDocWriter
#1466: js: Func.arity is missing
#1591: JS RegexMatcher support
#2396: dom::HttpReq.send() should take nullable content
#2403: Returning Void
#2428: Actor deprecate support for serialized messages
#2436: Cannot parse .props file when first line is # comment
#2438: Handle quotes in Cookie per RFC 6265
#2453: js: MapType casting errs
#2454: Javascript Float.toStr()
#2455: Mixin vs Abstract in Javascript
#2501: ClosureFuncSpecs for non JS classes

Build 1.0.67 (8 Jan 2015)

Mark sys::Regex as serializable and add defVal
DateTime.fromJava add negIsNull flag
Add fandoc::FandocDocWriter
Add locale parameter to sys toLocale methods
CompilerInput.docTests
WebClient includes Accept-Encoding: gzip
Str.trimToNull
MimeType.parseParams accepts valueless attributes
DocElem redesigned parent/child APIs
File.list optional Regex parameter
Env.prompt and integrated support for JLine
Dom: Win.parent,top, Doc.query,queryAll, Elem.text
JavaScript compiler now includes all a pod's props files
Fwt: JavaScript impl for WebBrowser
Rebuild timezone database using tzinfo 2014h
Deprecate Buf.flush in favor of Buf.sync
Tweak locale dateTime formats to always include timezone
Enum support for facets on items
#1948: js: Pod meta-data not available in js
#2059: Ordered map is unordered after serialization
#2246: Java FFI: ClassFormatError: Illegal class name
#2256: Improve Map.make error message
#2257: # Comment in Fantom Property Files?
#2260: File.copyTo() overwrite func is passed the wrong file
#2265: Deprecated enum values
#2270: Wrapper object refs not immutable
#2325: document.querySelectorAll() in dom::Doc

Build 1.0.66 (19 Mar 2014)

Wisp support for secureSessionCookie config prop
ActorPool name
MimeType.parseParams fix for equals in value
BuildPod.compileJni added
Date, DateTime weekInYear and VVV formatting pattern
DateTime.hoursInDay
WispService.errMod
New inet APIs: MulticastSocket, IpInterface
OutStream wrappers default to charset of inner stream
Fix WispRes charset for non-persistent connections
InStream.avail
List.indexr
fwt-js: Improve mouseMove/mouseExit when exiting widget/browser bounds
webfwt::CanvasTable: rewrite for large table performance
FileStore API to check file system capacity
FileUploader.useMultiPart,headers
XParser charset sniffing
WebClient default receiveTimeout to 1min
MimeType.noParams
Redesign Num/Int/Float/Decimal formatting to use locale props
Add adm/tools/textadept and notepadpp
Image.write
Int.toRadix
GraphicsPath API
#1478: js: Invalid type order for sys pod
#1614: fwt-js: Parse order bugs for peer defs
#2147: Stack trace manipulation / filter
#2149: java.lang.ClassFormatError: Duplicate field name&signature

Build 1.0.65 (20 May 2013)

Add build javacParams config option (#1765)
Fandoc abstract Test classes
WebOutStream: add header, footer, nav, section, article, aside
Convert SqlConn from class to mixin
fwt: AsyncTask
Locale default support for /etc/sys/config.props
Normalize Uri https, ftp ports
#1891: Fix fandoc images embedded in paragraph text
#2051: Opening Uri by its scheme handler
#2052: sys::Uri.encodeQuery does not conform standard
#2054: Problem of Reduced Stack Trace
#2121: Runtime error when using Map as a type
#2133: Errs on Service.start()
#2134: NullErr with Safe Invoke
#2139: Can not override method that returns This

Build 1.0.64 (21 Dec 2012)

Move webfwt into Fantom core
BuildScript.applyMacros
fwt: Dialog.defCommand
FanClassLoader support for resource URLs
Fix sql::Statement.execute to return Row[] on result sets
Add StrBuf getRange, replaceRange
Fix fanr signature encoding from abs to rel URI
Suppress deprecated warnings from within deprecated type
Enhance JarDist to generate Main.boot method
Buf.crc
Add bin/msvcr100.dll
Upgrade SWT to 4.2
Add Time.plus/minus(Duration)
Keep InStream.readProps ordered
#1942: Err when making of err
#1960: Add List.removeAll
#2029: compiler bug - wrong non-nullabillity inference
#2031: json bug linebreak before comma crushed parser
#2043: Compiler NPE in static field assignment
#2058: No shutdownInput and shutdownOutput for inet::TcpSocket

Build 1.0.63 (16 Jun 2012)

Move dispose from Desktop to Color, Font, Image
Add util::FloatArray
Add IntArray, FloatArray sort
Add gzip factories to sys::Zip
FileWeblet gzip compression for text files
Propagate Widget.enabled down widget tree
Rename JVM MmapBuf to NioBuf
Map.getOrThrow, add UnknownKeyErr
flux: autoSaveTabOnClose option
flux: ensure FileResource can be overridden
Canvas.doubleBuffered
Add SocketOptions.connectTimeout
Add Text fg, bg colors
Add Key.minus method
@Js for Fandoc API
File.isEmpty to efficiently check for empty directory
Refactor JavaType to always preload the class
fwt-js: Table.onAction support
SmtpClient STARTTLS support
ObixMod batch op support
Add IpAddr.toNative
#1479: Cannot use strings inside string interpolation
#1788: Range Serialization from Fantom1.0.60 -> Fantom1.0.61
#1790: Fix Java dasm overloaded inheritance
#1792: Lenient compilation for once methods
#1844: sys::Field.get
#1862: WebReq.locales
#1862: Wisp set Locale.cur via WebReq.locales for request
#1885: the too-clever-editor bug
#1901: fwt::Tree does not repaint on refreshAll on OS X

Build 1.0.62 (24 Feb 2012)

Add gedit config file
Tweak compiler to omit fcode/types.def if no types
Refactor Compiler.depends
Redesign compilerDoc
Add localeTestMode for JS environment
Fix fanlauncher to work in Cygwin
Fix Decimal to handle non-terminating divide
SmtpClient SSL support
Zip limit checks
Add locale keys for Duration.toLocale
Require "d" suffix for Decimal literals
Fant can now run script files
Add classfile disassembler to compilerJava
Switch Java FFI to use disassembler instead of reflection
Fix resource handle to allow jars to be bundled with pods
Fix compiler/runtime to search dependencies for Java classfiles
Compiler check for type visibility for is, isnot, as, casting
Prototype for "fan.props" PathEnv
#1143: js: Method.call fails for some core types
#1385: js: sys::List API problems
#1577: js: exception when Map->size
#1652: js: Type.params not implemented
#1683: JS: Assignment operator complie error
#1684: JS: Call super field
#1718: Require func param types when used in slot signatures
#1722: Cycle-dependent pod
#1738: Ambiguous slot issue
#1776: Proposal: Enhanced Constructors
#1778: Map#findAll() and Map#exclude()
#1780: Enhanced Java Support
#1782: js: Support for overriding virtual fields
#1783: js: checks for type dependencies

Build 1.0.61 (17 Nov 2011)

Upgrade timezone database with zone info version 2011j
Generate apidocs for @NoDoc type/slots, but hide in compilerDoc
Add fwt::Clipboard
Add readme.html to distribution
WispService.addr to bind to specific IP interface
Add util::IntArray, util::BoolArray
Fix Java runtime class loading deadlock
Duration.min, max
Duration mult/multFloat, div/divFloat
WispService.maxThreads
ActorPool.maxMsgsBeforeYield NoDoc hook
Remove support for named supers on class types
Add ACC_SUPER to JVM emitted classes
Fix sql Col lookup to be case insensitive
Compiler check for chaining non-null safe call after null safe call
Env.indexKeys
Remove UriScheme.scheme method
js: convert fwt::Table to desktop style selection UX
js: Obj.hash default implementation
js: rewrite Map implementation; use Obj.hash; support key collisions
js: Map.caseInsensitive support
#1464: js: Obj.hash always returns 0
#1485: js: Map doesn't handle equal hash codes
#1494: JarDist - support for main(Str[]) params
#1556: Timezone support (ISO 8601) - doesn't support all formats
#1564: Compiler error on abstract Func
#1607: Fix List.size to not automatically change capacity
#1608: extending sys::Str with replaceMatch/replaceMatches
#1639: Confusing error report when variable error in a string.
#1654: Fix example doc hyperlinks
#1667: protected modifier provides internal access
#1676: compiler: Non-nullable field mytext must be assigned in ctor

Build 1.0.60 (1 Sept 2011)

WebClient.proxy support
JsProps.writeProps: include etc/xxx files
WebOutStream: thead, tbody, tfoot
WebClient: postFile
Finish up fanr infrastructure
New docFanr chapter
Process.kill and bit of Java rework
Web support and docs for Expect: 100-continue
Env.promptPassword
fwt-js: onKeyDown/onKeyUp support for all widgets
fwt-js: keyboard support for Table, Dialog, Button
fwt-js: onBlur/onFocus support
Add fwt/table.fan example
Fix fwt::Table view/model bugs
wisp::Main to run simple WebMods under Wisp
Add deprecation warnings for facet fields
New compiler apidoc format
New syntax pod
New compilerDoc pod
Fandoc: shift heading levels
Rework fluxText to depend on new syntax pod
Nuke old docCompiler
Remove doc target from build scripts
#1091: KeyDown not working in FWT/JS
#1558: js: DateTime.toHttpStr lacks JS implementation
#1576: Fix Java sys method reflection
#1617: Map.get returns default value for existing key if value is null

Build 1.0.59 (2 Jun 2011)

Remove support for deprecated readonly keyword
fwt::Cursor API
Graphics drawRoundRect, fillRoundRect
Allow null comparisons to fields inside an it-block constructor
Change default fields for LogMod
Fix Dialog commands button where always only OK
compilerJs: escape "name" for slots
compilerJs: fix reflection for escaped slot names
Fix Date.toLocale for DDD
WebOutStream.label
js: fwt::Button.image support, ButtonMod.sep support
js: fwt::ToolBar
Fix sys::Param to be const
fwt::Widget.addAll
Str.toCode escape control chars
Fix File.moveTo to create parent directory if needed
Improve Test.verifyEq failure msg for multi-line strings
Stand alone fwt::ScrollBar support
dom::Win.hisBack, hisForward, hisPushState
Str.toXml/OutputStream.esc change ' -> '
Make gfx::Brush const
js: fwt::Widget.onMouseWheel support
Initial fanr support
List.binaryFind
js: fwt::Widget support for add/remove EventListeners after Widget creation
Upgrade SWT from 3.5.1 to 3.6.2
js: fwt::Event.count,consume support, fixes for event bubbling
js: sys::Depend implementation
Change pod meta "build.time" -> "build.ts"
js: Facet support
js: full readObj/writeObj serialization support
Add standard pod meta tags for org, proj, license, and vcs
Rename dom::Event -> dom::DomEvent
#717: Err extend RuntimeException
#1331: Fix set assignment to work with value types
#1390: js: List of numbers sorting differs
#1419: js: safe field access
#1427: js: fwt.window.root possible error
#1448: Mmaped Buf end of stream issue
#1471: js: List.binarySearch and List.shuffle are missing
#1474: Ensure super only used with slot call
#1477: Report error if mixin has native methods
#1480: Map#map doesn't preserve ordered/caseInsensitive
#1482: Overriden non-nullable fields can be left uninitialized
#1496: fanx.interop.Interop.toFan/toJava
#1497: override with static field
#1501: ensure override has matching param default state
#1509: Horizontal mouse wheel support
#1512: ffi override once with array
#1526: Virtual methods in OutStream
#1534: Build problem when using java native code and PathEnv
#1543: Key.fromMask doesn't work for complex modifier
#1545: email "from" field error

Build 1.0.58 (4 Mar 2011)

Remove deprecated sql APIs (#1318)
Weekday.localeVals
js: fwt::ProgressBar
Add major world currencies to units database
Add service shutdown hook to AbstractMain
Desktop.callLater
List.shuffle
Rect.intersects, intersection, union
Graphics.clipBounds
Tree.bg, Tree.isExpanded
dom: Win.open, Win.close, Doc.out
Mark GfxEnv as NoDoc
Image.makePainted
#1139: File.copy: maintain permissions
#1156: Image API enhancements
#1369: Deprecate readonly keyword
#1375: Serialization type/slot reads too far
#1384: fansh Variables are always nullable
#1396: Java subclass method visibility widening disallows Fantom overriding
#1407: Better Error Messages
#1415: Cannot pass a closure to the enum class constructor

Build 1.0.57 (6 Jan 2011)

Rename sql::Col.of => type
Change how JDBC classes are preloaded by sql
Update timezone database
Add support for timezone aliases (tzinfo backward list)
FileMod: remove requirement that file exists, just return 404
Fix Map.add, getOrAdd handling of null values
Change Border.defVal from 1 to 0 width
Tighten up Num toLocale to reject invalid patterns
Add Subtype Substitution section to docLang::TypeSystem chapter
Improve closure performance making Func.params lazily loaded
js: Complete DateTime/Date/Time toLocale/fromLocale
sql: add support for sys::Decimal type
js: Deployment and running docs
Add sys locale files for most major languages
Remove deprecated slice methods (replaced by getRange)
#430: Bundle Java classes in pod
#1260: Seeding the random number generator
#1307: VerifyError with as/+ operator combo
#1308: Closures param names are not available at runtime
#1313: Require Operator facet on add for comma operator
#1314: Env.addShutdownHook
#1316: BorderPane not a subclass of ContentPane?
#1318: Sql API changes
#1326: Support for is/as operators on value-types
#1328: Str.in not working properly with Unicode
#1344: fansh doesn't handle Java FFI variables
#1345: Coerce in shortcut assignments
#1348: Make inet Sockets non-const classes
#1363: Obj.trap support for default args of null

Build 1.0.56 (11 Nov 2010)

Redesign Unit to be keyed by arbitrary ids list including symbols
Redesign Unit definition: fromStr -> define, find -> fromStr
Redesign unit database as simple text file
Add Unit.mult, Unit.div
js: Full Charset and Stream support
compilerJs: Wrap CondExpr in parens to preserve grouping
Float.isNaN
fwt::Monitor.dpi
WebReq.socketOptions
Remove deprecated json pod (use util)
#604: Operator overloading with multiple types
#1153: Wisp session data in db
#1212: overriding methods returning nullable java type
#1213: Returning null as Java array
#1215: Compiler error when setter method invokes the same setter of another instance
#1233: Widget.layout
#1248: Fix WispService shutdown to release port
#1263: Serialization of List/Map fields always use field type
#1268: Slot literal serialization
#1271: Java FFI mixin routers with primitives
#1273: Localization string interpolation
#1276: Uri.decodeQuery does not handle duplicate keys
#1279: ActorPool.maxThreads
#1284: Ensure closure parameters are named
#1287: JarDist accessing fan:// resources
#1293: Facet inheritance
#1297: Report variable names which conflict with imported types
#1301: Func.bind immutability

Build 1.0.55 (13 Sep 2010)

Enhance DateTime/Time pattern for AM/PM
dom: Win.sessionStore, Win.localStore, Doc.title
Remove obsolete support for * field storage operator
Add EnumOrdinalAttr to fcode format for enum fields
Java annotations support
Add DateTime chapter to docLang
#668: Java FFI - use Java annotations
#863: Java FFI issue: Failed to assign an value to arrays of Objects through FFI
#1114: Invalid field for tableswitch: compiler::FField
#1150: Require ++/-- to be on same line
#1183: Str as CharSequence and sys::List as java List
#1190: compile error on list of java arrays
#1191: Param default expr cannot access itself
#1192: Formalize type inference rules with parameterized generics
#1194: Disallow () call operator on non-func types
#1204: Don't allow |A->| function signatures
#1208: BootEnv should use ext classloader

Build 1.0.54 (14 Jul 2010)

Support for Java FFI Type->toClass
Fix WebClient to report port number in Host header
ObixMod abstract base class for server side functionality
Support for WebSocket Protocol Handshake HTTP 101 response
List.unique,union,intersection,moveTo support in js
Fix Float.equals to work consistent with == operator
Flush out Float/Range API in js
Add sql::Statement.limit
Ensure "{fan}/lib/java/ext" added to Java FFI classpath
Flush out docLang::Native chapter
Etc/Rel TimeZone
Change CompilerInput to accept files or dirs
Support for SS optional seconds in DateTime and Time formatting
Str: chars, fromChars
Change Obj.typeof to be non-virtual
#895: Allow () operator to be used on func fields
#1112: JarDist omitting .class file
#1127: Expand scope of illegal nullable to non-nullable errors

Build 1.0.53 (13 May 2010)

Fix boxed boolean JVM checks
Make Int.shiftr unsigned (Java >>> operator)
Add etc/sys/config.props support to fanlaunch bash script
Rewrite gfx::Gradient to support CSS3 model
Add Map.ordered support to .NET runtime
FWT patch to allow mounting under arbitrary SWT widgets
Make java primitive wrappers and java.lang.Class immutable
Fix LogRec.print to return Void (to match Java/C# signatures)
Fix FileLogger to include stack trace and use new non-null fields checks
Rework JavaTypes to delegate to Env for caching and loading
Func.arity
Implement Int/Float toLocale for javascript
Remove deprecated dom::Elem.x/y/w/h methods
TableModel and TreeModel changed from mixin to abstract class
Table sorting and column visibility
Improve Map support under JavaScript
Fix FileLogger/LogMod to write headers on open of new files per day/month
Compiler support for native classes
Allow CompilerInput to specify a custom CNamespace
#569: docCompiler gives |Obj| for |This| it-block
#965: Compiler TypeParser doesn't handle Java FFI
#977: New concurrent pod (move Actor)
#1031: StrBufOutStream does not delegate correctly
#1039: It not typed as Obj? correctly
#1045: Compiler check error for LoadMixinInstance
#1051: Gradient API
#1053: HTTP 1.0 request using chunked transfer encoding
#1055: Misc BNF grammar problems
#1056: It-block parameters have incorrect reflection signature
#1057: compiler bug in exprOrLocalDefStmt
#1060: Ensure Map types don't have nullable keys
#1066: Double ?? are allowed when defining type which should not
#1067: compilerJava - findMethods() patch
#1073: Storage operator
#1077: VerifyError when Safe Invoke is used to call java method returning int
#1079: ResolveImports: catch CompilerErr around resolveImportedTypes() call
#1080: BuildJava should allow specifiybg custom classpath/jars

Build 1.0.52 (24 Mar 2010)

Color: makeArgb, makeRgb
WebUtil.jsMain
Win: viewport, reload, onEvent
Elem: deprecate x,y,w,h; add pos, size, bounds
New concurrent pod
SqlService.lastAutoKey => Statement.execute
Tweak grammar to disallow chaining comparison operators
Change config API for FileLogger and LogMod to allow datetime pattern
Date/Time fromLocale - parsing with pattern
Default all ext2mime.props to assume charset=utf-8
Str: getSafe
Add util::CsvInStream and util::CsvOutStream
#762: fix sql API for auto-generated keys
#832: Runtime checking of non-nullable fields
#949: IllegalAccess in mixin field override
#986: Field initializer List and Map type inference
#994: java.lang.VerifyError on broken code
#995: If statement returned in a closure - Internal compiler error
#1032: Move json to util to match csv API
#1033: Why is not avilable type "Obj[]?[]" ?
#1036: Serialization of const fields

Build 1.0.51 (6 Feb 2010)

Roll fcode version from 1.0.45 => 1.0.51
Change enum to positional keyword "enum class"
Rename build::Target => TargetMethod
Refactor build script design for facets and pod meta-data
Refactor pod format meta.props and fcode sub-directory
Replace Type Database with Env pod indexing
Move docLib chapter into their respectiive pods as pod-doc
#936: Symbols/Facet Redesign

Build 1.0.50 (2 Feb 2010)

Pod.loc => locale
Locale.get => Env.locale
Remove UriSpace
Change syntax of fan: URI scheme
Change flux options design
Change build symbols to be config props
Pod.files: now returns list, added Pod.file, now used fan: URI
Repo replaced with util::PathEnv
Remove readSymbols, writeSymbols APIs
sql::SqlService.autoCommit change to field
sql::Dialect - renamed some methods for consistency
lib/sys.props => etc/sys/config.props
JarDistEnv and JarDist build task
#753: JDBC drivers and preloading
#867: JVM ClassLoader per Pod
#935: Env API
#952: Jar Dist
#953: Fanp can't find a pod in a custom ${FAN_REPO}

Build 1.0.49 (27 Jan 2010)

Obj.type => typeof
List added: containsAny, moveTo
List removed: containsSame, containsAllSame
Buf.empty => isEmpty
Test.id => curTestMethod
Field.of, Param.of, Symbol.of, Pod.findType => type
DateTime, Time: isMidnight
DateTime, Date support for DDD pattern 1st, 2nd, etc
Integrate JavaScript compiler into main compiler pipeline
js: Int.toCode, toDuration, toDateTime
js: Remove Long support; use native Numbers for integers
compiler::Location => Loc
Remove methods deprecated in 1.0.48
Remove deprecated support for |,| closure syntax
Remove deprecated support for val in field setters
#749: compilerJs bug in list initializer
#750: JS: (Int?)null == (Int)0
#789: File upload support for web pod
#800: += operator doesn't work correctly in JavaScript
#849: Internal compiler error
#869: Obj.type => Obj.typeof
#870: Proposal: bitwise operators
#878: Use Native Number type for sys::Int on JavaScript
#883: Simplify standard build targets
#889: compilerJs Rework
#892: Proposal: using ?: operator with throw
#922: Don't allow one char scheme names in File(Uri)
#927: List API Changes

Build 1.0.48 (21 Dec 2009)

Fix List.insertAll error checking
Int.toLocale "B" pattern for formatting size in bytes
Add sys::deprecated facet and compiler warnings
DateTime, Date, and Time support in sql
Fix Uri.relTo(/) to remove leading slash
Change build::CreateZip.inDir => inDirs
Rename dom::Window -> dom::Win
Move dom::Win, dom::Doc to singletons
#768: Fan source to HTML bug
#796: Using Json to read/write Fan objects
#797: Setting const fields with reflection
#826: New docTools::IDEs chapter
#836: New WebMod API
#841: Proposal: fand to util
#844: List.getSafe
#848: Remove sys::Context
#851: Change |,| to |->|
#853: InStream::readChars
#854: Dom API cleanup
#855: Some API renames
#860: Range.offset
#861: compiler: fix Obj to Void coercion bug
#865: Make fwt::TreeModel.children non-nullable
#869: deprecate Obj.type, Type.loc, Type.log
#870: depreate bitwise operators ~ | ^ &
#873: InStream / OutStream endianness
#874: Field setters: val => it
#875: Add 1-step bootstrap script
#876: Source Doc Changes

Build 1.0.47 (17 Nov 2009)

Rename Fan to Fantom!
Range fromStr, isEmpty, min, max, first, last
List.eachrWhile
Map.getOrAdd
FWT javascript enhancements
Float.random
Range.map
Date.today and Time.now take optional TimeZone
Date firstOfMonth, lastOfMonth
Fix StrBuf.out anomalies
XNode.writeToStr
dom::Doc.cookies
Tweak compiler to hide private/internal default exprs in fandoc
Graphics: drawPolyline, drawPolygon, fillPolygon
JavaScript: proper type coercion
FWT Tree/Table onPopup support for Event.pos
Fix Future.get timeouts for OS X
js: Fully pass UriTest; encode/decode Uris properly in browser
Sys os, arch, platform
Upgrade SWT from 3.4 to 3.5.1
Redesign Java extension mechanism to use lib/java/ext/
#685: File naming bug?
#697: Remove & curry/partial apply operator
#731: Method calls should always require parens
#740: Cannot load 32-bit SWT libraries on 64-bit JVM
#743: Issues building from hg on Snow Leopard
#788: Coercion of indexed assignment shortcut
#806: can't read MapType from ObjectDeserializer

Build 1.0.46 (8 Sep 2009)

Closure variable redesign
Change JavaScript field naming model
gfx::Border
gfx::Pattern
Move Halign, Valign, Orientation from fwt to gfx
Color: alpha => a, makeHsv, h, s, v, lighter, darker
Obj.toImmutable
Err.trace now takes options
Fix chunked transfer encoding bug in wisp
DateTime.timeZone => tz
Func.curry => bind
WebClient.postStr
Fix fwt::ScrollPane to actually work
Compiler warning for curry & operator
#676: Compiler bug? walkback in closure type inference
#679: JVM - emit LocalVariable attr for debuggers
#710: Actor programming example?
#712: UI enhancements
#721: Cookbook versus Examples

Build 1.0.45 (24 Jul 2009)

Roll fcode version code 0x01_00_0034 => 0x01_00_0045
LoadSymbol opcode
Change field storage operator from "@" => "*"
fwt::Canvas support in IE using JavaFX
DateTime,TimeZone support for JavaScript
Fix Int.fromStr to work for signed 64-bit integers with radix 16
Split webappClient into sys and dom
Change all uses of javascript => js
Fix Str indexIgnoreCase/indexrIgnoreCase bug
Switch to new, more compressed timezone database format
#425: Separate pod install location
#558: DocCompiler - Facet Documentation
#564: Symbols
#606: Partial closure type inference?
#620: Dynamically controlled function types
#651: Type description of inferred function types
#657: Bug in docs with default arguments
#659: Rename sys::Namespace to sys::UriSpace
#663: wisp sluggish via apachebench
#664: Nullable params w/out name in func sig

Build 1.0.44 (25 Jun 2009)

Fix bug in WebReq.absUri
Fix webappClient to use Uri instead of Str
Remove old webServlet code
Regex.glob
Flux Goto File command
DateTime.toHttpStr use toLocale to avoid race conditions
FWT Canvas widget (Widget.make is now internal)
Graphics removed clipRect, drawPoint
fwt::Command.invoke final, override invoked now
Int.pow
List on JVM now uses backing store with typed array
Json fixes
Fix Wisp HTTP pipeling bug when no request body
JavaScript compiler enhancements for script support
64-bit integer emulation in JavaScript
#612: Change signature of List.map and Map.map
#617: Compiler bug - traceback in switch with missing case expression
#618: Ambiguous method call on java object
#629: NoClassDefFoundError when accessing public static final field with JavaFFI

Build 1.0.43 (28 May 2009)

FWT port to JavaScript
Change default for value type local variables
Remove support for "..." range literals (replaced with "..<")
Add register parameter to sys::Log.make
ObixClient
#429: Triple Quoted Strings and DSL Str/Regex
#438: DSL Proposal
#532: Improved detection immutable closures
#578: Uri Interpolation
#595: Definite assignment of non-nullable fields

Build 1.0.42 (13 May 2009)

Tweaks to flux
Loosen restrictions on it/this ambiguity errors
webappClient::Effect
Disallow nullable types in as expression
Fix as with generics to work like cast
Rename ActorGroup to ActorPool
Move Point, Size, Rect, Hints, Pen, Color, Brush to gfx
Color/Font system color/font methods moved to Desktop
Date: isYesterday, isToday, isTomorrow
DateTime: nowUnique
Window: showTrim, activate
List: eachRange
Duration: nowTicks
StrBuf.grow => capacity
InStream.makeForStr => Str.in
OutStream.makeForStrBuf => StrBuf.out
Func/Method call => callList
Func/Method callx => call
fanx.sys.Interop utility methods
#518: Problem in check of reflective field set
#520: Flux Last Line
#527: Func.curry with optional parameters
#528: Compiler bug - duplicate slot x$num
#529: Private method in mixin bad classfile
#530: Ctor bug with default params
#531: Allow curry of private methods
#533: Fandoc bug
#534: RichText scrollbar bug
#542: Compiler - Internal class cast error
#543: Compiler - Chaining dynamic calls
#544: Move graphics API out of fwt
#545: Compiler bug: using ... as ...
#546: Packaging of Fan
#547: WebOutStream - FavIcon tag
#548: Flux bug - tabstops not quite right
#551: it and Str interpolation
#554: docCompiler bug with |,| signatures
#559: API request: sys::StrBuf.remove(Range)
#561: Compiler: Internal error - auto-cast of Func
#574: Request: Range.random, List.random
#591: Flux: View menu in NavBar for .fan files doesn't show
#592: Proposal: Method/Func call

Build 1.0.41 (11 Apr 2009)

It-Blocks
Comma operator for it.add
Closure type inference
Require return expr to be on same line
Duration: minVal, maxVal
Move jfan to sys/java; nfan to sys/dotnet
Change exclusive range from "..." to "..<"
Disallow it-block: Point, Size, Rect, Insets, Hints
Require it-block: Font
Rename def => defVal: Point, Size, Rect, Insets, Hints, Pen
Rename Locale.with => use

Build 1.0.40 (2 Apr 2009)

Added sys::Actor API
Added sys::Service API
Renamed UnknownThreadErr to UnknownServiceErr
Refactor fand to work with Services
SqlService API changed from Thread to Service
Image resize
ScrollBar added
ProgressBar.value renamed val

Build 1.0.39 (25 Mar 2009)

Remove dynamic types
Redesign sql::Row API
Int: minValue/maxValue -> minVal/maxVal
Uuid: removed createdTicks and created
Bool: toLocale
Date: toDateTime, midnight, plus, minus
DateTime: midnight, nowTicks
Decimal: toLocale
Duration: abs
Float: toLocale
Int: toLocale, toDuration, toDateTime
List: fill
Num: localeDecimal, localeGrouping, localePercent, localeInf, localeNaN
Map: any, all
Str: padr, padl, toLocale
Time: toDateTime, toDuration, fromDuration
Thread: loopCoalescing, stop/kill
Type: toLocale
Uri: toLocale
Tree: nodeAt
Table: rowAt, colAt
BuildScript: defaultTarget now defaults to first script declared
BuildPod: rename compileJavascript to javascript
WebOutStream: css->includeCss, js->includeJs, style, script
WebOutStream: change title,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 to use separate start/end tags
Reflection fix to inherit concrete slot over abstract slot if two choices
Fix buildall.pods to bootstrap correctly on Unix

Build 1.0.38 (15 Feb 2009)

Str: in, toBuf, toDisplayName, fromDisplayName
Buf: dup, fill, hmac
Duration, DateTime, Date, Time: toIso, fromIso
Map: ordered, join, setList, addList
Test: verifyNull, verifyNotNull
Type: make support for defVal
Type: emptyList
MimeType: charset, parseParams
Add toCode: Bool, Int, Float, Decimal, Uri, Duration, DateTime, Date, Time, List, Map
Unsafe wrapper class
New compilerJavascript and webappClient APIs
New obix API
Rework webapp APIs
Doc compiler support for @nodoc facet
Web Cookie refactor into const class
Web Cookie enforce name and value chars and use quoted string value
Web Cookie fix use both max-age and expires for cookies for IE and Safari
More linux timezone work arounds
Json fix for parsing top level array
Json.write API change
Flux add findInFiles into context popup of dirs
Flux fix undo/redo stack to check point on save
Flux syntax definition for ActionScript
Compiler allow single statement expression based return
Compiler allow const field to override a method
Compiler fix when local variable shadows field with storage operator
Compiler fix when using null safe call with no-leave primitive return
Compiler fix when calling super with default params results in stack overflow
Compiler fix allow mixins use const keyword
Compiler fix for once methods used with subclasses in same pod
Compiler fix for construction call against fromStr in super class
Compiler fix to check for dup method params and dup enum defs

Build 1.0.37 (11 Jan 2009)

Java FFI: array overrides of methods which use primitives or arrays
Java FFI: coerce sys::Func to Java interface with one abstract method
New sys::Date and sys::Time APIs
New sys::Unit API
New sys::Uuid API
New web::WebClient API
Wisp support for chunked transfers and persistent connections
Str isAlpha, isAlphaNum
OutStream sync
Allow closures in constructor to set const fields (same for static ctors)
Change Obj.trap arg signature to Obj?[]?
Flux enhancements for goto into, find, find in files
Protection checks to prevent internal types being used in public APIs
Expose sys::File ctor to allow new implementations
Optimize common MimeTypes to be interned
BuildScript dumpenv target

Build 1.0.36 (13 Dec 2008)

Java FFI
Use dotnet to denote .NET instead of net
Initial json API
Remove compiler support for for(...); and while(...);
DateTime toJava, fromJava
Reorganize icons
Fan launcher -fcodeDump option to disassemble a Fan script
List, Map eachBreak -> eachWhile
Emacs support adm/tools/emacs/fan-mode.el

Build 1.0.35 (14 Nov 2008)

Update documentation for nullable and value types
New docLib::Fwt chapter
New docLang::Deployment chapter
Turn on non-null coercion runtime checking
Allow function types const fields with implicit toImmutable
Allow any list or map type as const field via implicit toImmutable
New xml API
OutStream.writeXml
Fix compiler checking of internal types
Fix compiler auto-casting of function types
Fix compiler to disallow empty try blocks
Fix compiler to allow for(...); and while(...);
Fix compiler to include fandoc for enum defs
Enhance docCompiler to show overridden slot and inherited fandoc
Fwt: file and directory dialogs
Fwt: RichText line background styling
Flux: persist undo/redo stack between hyperlinks
Flux: allow drag and drop of files to hyperlink
Flux: highlight current line
Flux: show short filenames in console instead of full paths

Build 1.0.34 (24 Oct 2008)

Roll fcode version for value-type support
Bool, Int, Float are now value types
Disallow covariance with value types
Disallow === !== is isnot as operators to be used againt value types
Java runtime maps sys::Boolean to primitive boolean
Java runtime maps sys::Int to primitive long
Java runtime maps sys::Float to primitive double
Change semanatics of Float.nan compare to match JVM

Build 1.0.33 (13 Oct 2008)

Java runtime: fan.sys.Obj -> java.lang.Object
Java runtime: fan.sys.Bool -> java.lang.Boolean
Java runtime: fan.sys.Int -> java.lang.Long
Java runtime: fan.sys.Float -> java.lang.Double
Java runtime: fan.sys.Num -> java.lang.Number
Java runtime: fan.sys.Decimal -> java.math.BigDecimal
Nullable type support
Support for parameterized fields (sys::Map.def)
Add build::CreateZip task, buildall.fan handles dist zip
Fix RichText editor home/end to take whitespace into account
Change fwt::Image constructors
Add icons to flux history items

Build 1.0.32 (20 Sep 2008)

Remove support for old type literal syntax
Add adm/tools with fan support for various editors
Remove haven pod
Fix thread queue notify bug
Fix infinite loop in compiler bug
Fix race condition loading $Pod class
Fix win32 launchers to not require .NET
Fix compiler handling of unparameterized generic types like List
Fix adm/unixsetup script (mostly)
Breaking change to Uri.get (inserted base parameter before checked)
Breaking change Locale.prop -> get
Process API enhanced: join, out, err, in, mergeErr, and env
Int.equalsIgnoreCase
Str.indexIgnoreCase, indexrIgnoreCase
List.eachBreak, flatten
Map.eachBreak
Uri.sliceToPathAbs, isPathOnly
Pod.uri, loc
Type.loc
File.normalize now includes file: scheme
Require Namespace uris to be path only
New UriScheme naming design
New docLang chapters: Naming, Conventions
New docTool chapters: Flux
New docLib chapters: Flux
Refactor native methods in fwt
fwt::Command localization
fwt::Font metrics
New fwt::Dialog API
New fwt::Desktop and Monitor APIs
New fwt::TextWidget base class for Text and RichText
New fwt text selection and clipboard APIs
Flux prototype!

Build 1.0.31 (24 Aug 2008)

New leading whitespace rules for multi-line Str literals
Upgrade SWT to 3.4
Using statement support in serialization files
List.removeRange
Range.toList
Str.containsChar, trimStart, trimEnd, numNewlines, splitLines
StrBuf.join
Relax rules for const field types to allow Obj, Obj[], Obj:Obj
Change fwt callbacks to be EventListeners
Enhance fwt eventing
Key eventing and accelerators
New fwt::CommandStack API

Build 1.0.30 (30 Jul 2008)

Short construction call syntax Type(args)
FWT widgets: Combo, Tree, RichText
fwt::Command
GridPane enhanced, see tab in demo
File.listDirs, listFiles, walk, osRoots
Expand auto-cast to include any assignable type
Weblet.doGet,doPost,... => Weblet.onGet,onPost,...
webapp::Widget API changes
Add field default to fandoc
Change Uri.name to return "" instead of null
Rework sample code apps/ to examples/
List.binarySearch
New type literal syntax: Type#
Slot literals: Type#slot or #slot

Build 1.0.29 (18 Jul 2008)

New isnot operator
New null convenience operators: ?: ?. ?->
New FWT widgets: WebBrowser, Text, InsetPane, SashPane
FWT graphics: Pen, Brush, Gradient
FWT serialization support
New icons pod
Web view priorities
Require indexing open bracket on same line
Allow |->Int| to fit |->Void|
Sys.idHash
List.findIndex, indexSame, containsSame, containsAllSame, removeSame
Pod.log, Type.log
Str.split(Str) => Str.split(Int,Bool)
Compiler implicitly generates toImmutable for const List/Map/Type fields

Build 1.0.28 (25 Jun 2008)

Fix bug in threading flow control
Map.def
Update unix scripts to use bash
Fix timezone on unix when GMT offset
Require call open paren on same line
With-blocks support implicit call to add
Support @collection facet in readObj and writeObj
C# fixes including filtered catch blocks
Launcher exe and bash support for lib/java/ext
Fix closures inside once methods
Improved support for calling main
Rename some of the shortcut operators methods
New fwt pod which wraps SWT

Build 1.0.27 (28 May 2008)

Fix this return for mixins
Sanity check for bootstrap build
sys::MimeType, Uri.mimeType, File.mimeType
New email pod for MIME and SMTP support
Charset.make => fromStr (now serializable simple)
Thread.isService, findService
Fix fandoc blockquotes
Native fields
Allow non-storage fields in const class
Fix constructor, field init ordering
Allow single statement for try, catch, finally
Log.setLevel() => Log.modified
File.setModified() => File.modified

Build 1.0.26 (26 Apr 2008)

Require f suffix for float literals
Decimal type and literal syntax
Decimal API enhancements: InStream, OutStream, Num, Str
This return types
Update APIs to use return This return
Fix Firefox3 form handling
Allow this and super keywords in string interpolation
Fix various fandoc bugs seen on discussion forum

Build 1.0.25 (16 Apr 2008)

Fix Unix build problems
Sys.env is now case insensitive map
File.pathSep
Skip .NET compiles if not on Windows

Build 1.0.24 (14 Apr 2008)

Cleanup old ruby scripts
Cleanup docs

Build 1.0.23 (14 Apr 2008)

Weekday, Month increment/decrement
Enhance webapp steps
File support for checkSlash
New docs: Namespaces, Fandoc, Web, WebApp, Widget, Maps
LogStep for W3C extended log format
Haven enhancements - prepared statements
Duration boot, uptime, toLocale
Sys.diagnostics (mem, threads, classes)
Uri queryPlus and escaping fixes

Build 1.0.22 (30 Mar 2008)

web::Cookie support
WebSession support
Once methods
Func.curry
Slot, Field, and Method are now const
Make parameter names optional in function signatures
New Cookbook chapters: Reflection
Unix launcher scripts

Build 1.0.21 (10 Mar 2008)

Haven ORM engine
Type immutability
Doc meta-data, doc default expressions
File copyTo, copyInto, moveTo, moveInto, rename, open, mmap
Buf redesign -> MemBuf, FileBuf, MmapBuf
Redesign Resource -> Namespace
Uri pathOnly, relToAuth, plusName, tail -> slice, minus -> relTo
Allow const field set in ctor with-block
Rename test pods: testSys, testNatives, testCompiler
Move Windows executables from bin/win/ to bin/
Sys.compile and script caching
Coverage for .NET sysTests 364/375 - 97%

Build 1.0.20 (13 Jan 2008)

Fan shell
Type literal support in serialization syntax
More docs (docTools, docIntro)
Rework build scripts to use facets

Build 1.0.19 (30 Dec 2007)

Basic fand bootstrap
Tweaks to InStream.readObj
Logging APIs
File now subclasses Resource
WebService pipeline
Refactor Resource implementation
SysResources
Sys.appDir
Raw string literals
Regex regular expression API
Optimize pod/type lazy loading
Pod level user defined facets
Type database

Build 1.0.18 (13 Dec 2007)

Int, Str, Month, Weekday, DateTime localization methods
DateTime string encoding/decoding
Resource and MemResource APIs
Support final override modifiers
Int.random
Pretty stack traces
Tons of new documentation

Build 1.0.17 (5 Nov 2007)

Obj auto-casts to anything
Use serialization for thread messaging when not immutable
Dynamic methods
Buf: hex, base64, digest support
TimeZone database and buildtz script for importing Olsen database
Rename Time -> DateTime
DateTime ticks to date/time calculations
Locale API
Rename parse -> fromStr

Build 1.0.16 (11 Sep 2007)

Facets completed
Override implies virtual fix
Roll fcode version to support method var attributes

Build 1.0.15 (5 Sep 2007)

Serialization support
Simple literals
With-blocks
Refactor fcode attributes
New facet design

Build 1.0.14 (12 Aug 2007)

Add maxStack to fcode format

Build 1.0.13 (4 Aug 2007)

Indexed assignment expressions: x[y] += z
Buf no longer mixins InStream and OutStream
InStream and OutStream changed from mixins to classes
Fix case insensitive Map equality/hash
FileWeblet with ETag and Last-Modified support
Rewrite Uri with custom parser
Allow escape sequence in Uri literals
Uri decoding/encoding
Fix maxLocals, maxStack in emitter

Build 1.0.12 (17 Jul 2007)

InStream.eachLine
Covariant field overrides of methods

Build 1.0.11 (10 Jul 2007)

Java runtime dependency checking
Compiler dependency checking
MethodParam->Param, fieldField->of, paramType->of, returnType->returns
Split Func out of Method

Build 1.0.10 (7 Jul 2007)

Remove all the old Java based compiler code
Change Int intern to -256 to 1024
Major refactoring of compiler - fcode now implements namespace mixins
Ability to compile against any arbitrary dependsDir

Build 1.0.9 (1 Jul 2007)

Add: List.containsAll
Remove: Type.sourceFile, Type.lineNumber, Slot.lineNumber
Hidden: Field.getter, Field.setter
Dynamic types
Dynamic types emitter for subclass with type per instance
Dynamic fields
New sql pod using JDBC
New chapters: docLang::DynamicTypes, docLib::Sql

Build 1.0.8 (30 Jun 2007)

Add doc target to buildall script
Add StrBuf.remove, buff up test suite
DocLang chapters: Expressions, Statements, Exceptions, TypeSystem, CompilationUnits, Fields, Methods
InStream peek, peekChar, readStrToken
Changes to web API
New wisp pod with simple web server implementation

Build 1.0.7 (12 May 2007)

New inet pod
IpAddress, TcpSocket, TcpServerSocket
Str.equalsIgnoreCase, compareIgnoreCase, any, all
Time.now with tolerance
Time.parseHttp, formatHttp
InStream.readLine max parameter
Map cannot have null keys
Map.caseInsensitive
New fandoc pod to parse fandoc into DOM
New docCompiler pod to generate HTML documentation
Doc chapters: docIntro::Overview, docLang::Literal
.NET runtime support for most of sysTest

Build 1.0.6 (5 Feb 2007)

Make sys::Err const
Obj.isImmutable, List.toImmutable, Map.toImmutable
Slot.isConst for thread-safe methods
Thread API

Build 1.0.5 (21 Jan 2007)

Use () operator on sys::Methods as callx() shortcut
Curried methods
Use soft references for pod cache
InStream, OutStream.charset changed to abstract field
Float constants changed to static const fields
Fan.exe now uses Fan compiler to run scripts

Build 1.0.4 (14 Jan 2007)

Virtual fields
Move field accessor generation to Parser
Fix closures in field accessor methods
Fix multiple static initializer closures and scoping
Optimize if(true), if(false)
Fix indirect mixin router emitting

Build 1.0.3 (8 Jan 2007)

Fan launcher options (--v and --D)
Refactor Sys methods into respective classes
Field storage @ operator
Storage fcode flag

Build 1.0.2 (1 Jan 2007)

New pod format for pod meta-data and facets

Build 1.0.1 (1 Jan 2007)

First official build
Both old Ruby build scripts and new Fan build scripts

Dec 2006

CLR protected region support
Try finally blocks
Virtual fields (mixins support abstract fields)
Mixin reflection
Covariant return types
Change inheritance syntax to use colon
Named super calls
Const fields and const classes
Launcher C++ executables for Win32
Transition from Ruby build scripts to Fan build scripts

Nov 2006

Deprecate DupDown (dup_x1) opcode
Nested closure support
List.dup(), Map.dup()
Not a statement checking
Protection scope checking

Oct 2006

Props file and Sys.env
Constant folding in compiler
Compiler can finally compile itself!

Sep 2006

First Fandoc goes live on fandev.org
Precompiled Java bytecode mode

Aug 2006

Fan compiler does first end-to-end compile
Fanp disassembler ported from Java to Fan
Zip API

Jul 2006

Parser rewritten in Fan
Version API
Using/import statements
Facets
Uri API, refactor File to use Uri
Stub Time API

Jun 2006

Dynamic -> call operator
Try/catch blocks
Initial web API
String interpolation
CompareNull, CompareNotNull opcodes
Tokenizer rewritten in Fan

May 2006

Refactor Err to use Fan type system
Math methods for Int, Float
Switch statement
New character methods for Int, Str

Apr 2006

Tomcat integration
Field accessors
Enums
Charset I/O support

Mar 2006

Native methods
Superclass constructor chaining
Closures
I/O, List, and Map APIs
Mixins

Feb 2006

Refactor to use fcode intermediate format
Refactor local variables for .NET emit
Fandoc comments

Jan 2006

Generic types
Support for is and as operators
Type literals
Method parameter defaults
Unit test harness

Dec 2005

Redesign to use pure OO (everything boxed)
Type inference for locals
Duration literals
Shortcut operator overloading
Static initializers
Comparision operators
Constructors

Nov 2005

Casting
Primitive operators and auto-boxing (since removed)
String concat, unary operators, assignment operators
Local variables

Oct 2005

Original jblock and nblock native method design
Methods
Fields
Type checking
Method argument overloading (since removed)
New operator (since removed)
If, throw statements
Class aliasing (original Java/.NET integration strategy)

Sep 2005

Begin work on Java version of Fan parser
Compiler emits straight to Java bytecode or .NET IL
Basic expr compilation
Basic class, method support

常见问题（Faq）

如何联系？

问题或反馈请发到讨论组，也可发邮件：

Brian: briansfrank at gmail dot com
Andy: afrankvt at gmail dot com

这门语言以前是不是叫 Fan？

是的。语言最初叫 Fan，取自我们居住的弗吉尼亚州里士满「The Fan」街区——那是世纪之交以人为中心（而非汽车）规划的街区。后来因「Fan」不便搜索，2009 年 11 月改名为 Fantom。

Fantom 使用什么许可证？

Fantom 使用 Academic Free License 3.0，属 BSD 风格（与 Apache 2.0 很接近）。

Fantom 目前状态如何？

Fantom 已成熟稳定，可用于生产；自 2008 年起已用于商业软件。

版本号如何编号？

版本号为用点分隔的三或四段十进制整数：major.minor.build.patch。当前 1.0 以递增构建发布：1.0.30、1.0.31 等。

Hello World（HelloWorld）

安装与配置

Fantom 以 zip 发行，解压到本机后，请把正确的 bin 目录加入 PATH：

{fan.home}/bin

首次安装后会自动尝试使用当前配置的 Java VM（需 Java 8+）。正常时可运行 fan -version：

C:\dev\fan\bin>fan -version
Fantom Launcher
Copyright (c) 2006-2020, Brian Frank and Andy Frank
Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0

Java Runtime:
  java.version:    1.8.0_91
  java.vm.name:    Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
  java.vm.vendor:  Oracle Corporation
  java.vm.version: 25.91-b14
  java.home:       /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_91.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
  fan.platform:    macosx-x86_64
  fan.version:     1.0.74
  fan.env:         sys::BootEnv
  fan.home:        /work/fan

若不行，可尝试：

复查 setup 说明
安装 Java 8 或更高版本后重试
显式配置 JVM 安装路径

Fantom Shell

Fantom Shell 是求值表达式与语句的命令行工具，适合试写。运行 fansh，再调用 Obj.echo：

C:\dev\fan\bin>fansh
Fantom Shell v1.0.74 ('?' for help)
fansh> echo("hello world #1")
hello world #1
fansh> quit

更多说明见 Fansh。

Fantom 脚本

也可把 .fan 文件当脚本执行。脚本须含完整类定义，并有名为 main 的方法。创建 hello.fan：

class Hello
{
  static Void main() { echo("hello world #2") }
}

把脚本文件名传给 fan：

C:\dev\fan\bin>fan hello.fan
hello world #2

与 Java/C# 不同，main 不必声明参数；需要时可声明 Str[]，或通过 Env.args 获取。

运行脚本详见 Fan。另见 unix setup 与 windows setup，可不显式调用启动器直接执行脚本。

Fantom Pod（程序包）

生产环境通常把代码组织成预编译模块，即 pod。用 Fantom 构建工具包构建。创建名为 hello 的新 pod 可用 init：

C:\projects> fan build init hello

会生成类似目录：

hello
├── etc
├── fan.props
├── lib
└── src
    ├── build.fan
    └── hello
        ├── build.fan
        ├── fan
        └── test

在 src/hello/fan/ 下添加 Main.fan：

hello
└── src
    └── hello
        └── fan
            └── Main.fan

其中声明名为 Main 的类：

class Main
{
  static Void main() { echo("hello world #3") }
}

构建文件本身就是普通 Fantom 脚本，用于编译该 pod：

C:\projects> cd hello\src
C:\projects\hello\src> fan build.fan
compile [hello]
  Compile [hello]
    FindSourceFiles [1 files]
    WritePod [C:\projects\hello\lib\fan\hello.pod]
BUILD SUCCESS [70ms]!

此时 lib/fan 下应有 hello.pod。若类名 Main、方法名 main，可用 fan 运行：

C:\projects\hello> fan hello
hello world #3

C:\projects\hello> fan hello::Main
hello world #3

C:\projects\hello> fan hello::Main.main
hello world #3

在 pod 中运行方法见 Fan，构建见 Build。

Fantom WebApp

下面用启动脚本拉起内置 Web 服务器，挂一个简单的 hello WebMod，做成最小 Web 应用。

示例代码（见 examples/web/hello.fan）：

using util
using web
using wisp

class WebHello : AbstractMain
{
  @Opt { help = "http port" }
  Int port := 8080

  override Int run()
  {
    wisp := WispService
    {
      it.port = this.port
      it.root = HelloMod()
    }
    return runServices([wisp])
  }
}

const class HelloMod : WebMod
{
  override Void onGet()
  {
    res.headers["Content-Type"] = "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
    res.out.print("hello world #4")
  }
}

启动脚本含两个类。WebHello 继承 AbstractMain，提供标准 main 脚手架；主要作用是把 Web 服务器配在 8080，并挂上处理 HTTP 的 WebMod。

HelloMod 继承 WebMod（Fantom 的 servlet 式 Web API），只设置 Content-Type 并写出响应文本。

运行该脚本：

C:\dev\fan\bin>fan ../examples/web/hello.fan
[09:57:40 11-Apr-08] [info] [fand] booting...
[09:57:40 11-Apr-08] [info] [web] WispService started on port 8080

You should be able to hit http://localhost:8080/ with your browser!

许可证（License）

法律文本保留英文原文（Academic Free License 3.0）。

Academic Free License 3.0

Grant of Copyright License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:
1. to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of a collective work;
2. to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the Original Work, thereby creating derivative works ("Derivative Works") based upon the Original Work;
3. to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public, under any license of your choice that does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License;
4. to perform the Original Work publicly; and
5. to display the Original Work publicly.
Grant of Patent License. Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the Original Work and Derivative Works.
Grant of Source Code License. The term "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the Original Work.
Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or any other intellectual property. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in Section 2. No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from this License any Original Work that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.
External Deployment. The term "External Deployment" means the use, distribution, or communication of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).
Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an "Attribution Notice." You must cause the Source Code for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have modified the Original Work.
Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as expressly stated in the immediately preceding sentence, the Original Work is provided under this License on an "AS IS" BASIS and WITHOUT WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of non-infringement, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.
Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable law prohibits such limitation.
Acceptance and Termination. If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section 1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including "fair use" or "fair dealing"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to honor the conditions in Section 1(c).
Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.
Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the termination of this License.
Attorneys' Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This section shall survive the termination of this License.
Miscellaneous. If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.
Definition of "You" in This License. "You" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such uses by You.
Modification of This License. This License is Copyright (c) 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the "Modified License") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified License is the "Academic Free License" or "AFL" and you may not use those names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice specified in the first paragraph above with the notice "Licensed under <insert your license name here>" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license review and certification process.

Fantom 说明（Readme）

快速链接

Setup

确保 {home}/bin 在 PATH 中
Fantom 启动器：
- Unix: "bin/fan" bash script
- Windows: "bin/fan.exe" executable
验证：fan -version

更多信息见 docTools::Setup

工具

常用工具：

fan: Fantom launcher for scripts and pods
fansh: Fantom 交互式 Shell
fant: Fantom test runner
IDEs: different IDE and editor options

更多信息见 docTools

文档

在线文档：https://fantom.org/doc/。

也可在本地用下列命令生成 HTML 文档：

fan compilerDoc -all

会为本地环境中所有 pod 生成 HTML 文档。

社区

Forum: https://fantom.org/sidewalk/topic/
Latest Download: https://fantom.org/
Git Repo: https://github.com/fantom-lang/fantom
IRC: http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=#fantom

从这里开始（StartHere）

深入学习

通过下列链接了解 Fantom：

Tour: 用代码示例快速了解特性
WhyFantom: 为何打造 Fantom
五种 Hello World：
- Fantom shell: 交互式 Shell
- Fantom script: 可执行脚本
- Fantom pod: 预编译模块
- Fantom web app: Web 应用库

快速开始

想马上动手写代码：

Download 最新构建
Setup: 配置环境
HelloWorld: 动手写 Hello World
Examples: 常见任务示例片段

社区资源

Rosetta Code: Fantom 示例及与其它语言对比
Java to Fantom in 10 Steps

另见 IDE 页了解社区工具。

文档组织

文档与 API 按模块（pod）组织。索引分为 手册（manuals） 与 API。API 由源码生成（类似 Javadoc）；手册按主题分章：

docIntro: 通用入门材料
docLang: 深入讲解语言
docTools: 命令行工具、单元测试、构建工具包

此外 examples 提供 HTML；示例均为可当脚本运行的独立程序。

学习 Fantom

要深入学习，先浏览 docIntro 打基础；再通读 docLang（按书设计）。写代码时多用 examples 与 API 参考学标准库；做真实应用时务必掌握单元测试与构建脚本。

参与贡献

提问与反馈请到讨论组，也可直接联系我们。欢迎反馈！

特性速览（Tour）

Hello World

We start our Fantom 特性速览, with the quintessential hello world:

class HelloWorld
{
  static Void main()
  {
    echo("hello world")
  }
}

与 Java/C# 的细微差别：

所有类型名均大写，包括 Void（没有原始类型及其关键字）。
类与方法默认 public。
可用 echo 写控制台，或用 Env.cur.out。
语句可用换行结束（也可用分号）
可声明 Str[] 参数，或从 Env.args 读取

字面量（Literals）

Fantom 支持与 Java/C# 类似的基本字面量，并加入不少脚本语言常见字面量：

true                // Bool literal
123                 // Int literal
0xcafe_babe         // Int hex, can use _ as separator
'\n'                // Int character literal
"hi"                // Str literal
3.4f                // Float literal
3.4d                // Decimal literal
5sec                // Duration literal
`/dir/file.txt`     // Uri literal
[0, 1, 2]           // List literal
[,]                 // List literal for empty list
[1:"one", 2:"two"]  // Map literal
[:]                 // Map literal for empty map
Int#                // Type literal
Int#plus            // Slot literal

表达式（Expressions）

表达式语法大体沿用 Java/C#：

obj.toStr()   // call the toStr method
obj.toStr     // parenthesis are optional
obj.field     // access field
x && y        // logical and
x === y       // reference equality
x == y        // shortcut for x.equals(y)
x < y         // shortcut for x.compare(y) < 0
x <=> y       // shortcut for x.compare(y)
x + y         // shortcut for x.plus(y)
x = y         // assignment
a ? b : c     // ternary operator
a is Str      // instance of operator
a isnot Str   // convenience for !(a is Str)
a as Str      // like C# as operator
a?.func()     // safe invoke operator (like Groovy)
a ?: b        // elvis operator for a != null ? a : b

多数运算符其实是方法调用的语法糖，例如：

3 + 4  =>  3.plus(4)

字符串（Strings）

字符串支持插值，用 $ 嵌入表达式：

// string interpolation
"$x + $y = ${x+y}"

// longhand for above
x.toStr + " + " + y.toStr + " = " + (x+y).toStr

简单变量或点表达式前加 $ 即可；更复杂表达式用花括号包裹。

还内置本地化字符串：

// lookup a locale props value
"$<fwt::err.name>"

// add locale lookup and automatically add default
// key/value to the pod's locale/en.props resource file
"$<fileNotFound=The file was not found>"

语句（Statements）

语句大体类似 Java/C#：

Str s := "hello"    // local variable declaration
s := "hello"        // type inference
if (x) {} else {}   // if/else statement
while (x) {}        // while

最显眼的是用 := 声明局部变量。支持类型推断，可省略类型。用 := 而非 = 区分声明与赋值，避免变量名拼写等低级错误。

字段（Fields）

字段自动带访问器，无需冗长样板代码：

class Person
{
  Str name
  Int age
}

上面代码大致等价于下列 Java：

public class Person
{
  public String name() { return name; }
  public void name(String x) { name = x; }

  public int age() { return age; }
  public void age(int x) { age = x; }

  private String name;
  private int age;
}

Java/C# 写那么啰嗦，是为了偶尔拦截 get/set。在 Fantom 中字段总是经自动生成的 getter/setter 访问，且可覆盖：

class Person
{
  Str name
  Int age { set { checkAge(val); &age = it } }
}

it 表示用来赋值的值；&age 表示写 age 的实际存储（不走 setter）。

方法（Methods）

方法参数可有默认值：

class Person
{
  Int yearsToRetirement(Int retire := 65) { return retire - age }

  Int age
}

once 方法仅首次调用时计算，之后返回缓存：

once Str fullName() { return "$firstName  $lastName" }

构造器（Constructors）

不同之处：构造器是具名方法：

class Point
{
  new make(Int x, Int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }
  Int x
  Int y
}

// make a point
pt := Point.make(30, 40)   // longhand
pt := Point(30, 40)        // shorthand

约定主构造器叫 make，其它以 make 为前缀。若未提供，编译器自动生成 make。

继承（Inheritance）

继承语法类似 C#：

class Animal
{
  virtual Void talk() { echo("talk") }
}

class Dog : Animal
{
  override Void talk() { echo("bark") }
}

注意 virtual 与 override。与 Java 不同，方法须显式标 virtual 才可被覆盖——覆盖需刻意设计。

混入（Mixins）

Java/C# 用接口做多类型继承。Fantom mixin 类似接口，但可带方法实现：

mixin Audio
{
  abstract Int volume
  Void incrementVolume() { volume += 1 }
  Void decrementVolume() { volume -= 1 }
}

class Television : Audio
{
  override Int volume := 0
}

用等价 Java 最容易理解上面的 Fantom 代码：

interface Audio
{
  int volume();
  void volume(int volume);
  void incrementVolume();
  void decrementVolume();
}

class AudioImpl
{
  static void incrementVolume(Audio self) { self.volume(self.volume() + 1); }
  static void decrementVolume(Audio self) { self.volume(self.volume() - 1); }
}

class Television implements Audio
{
  int volume() { return volume; }
  void volume(int x) { volume = x; }

  void incrementVolume() { AudioImpl.incrementVolume(this); }
  void decrementVolume() { AudioImpl.incrementVolume(this); }

  private int volume = 0;
}

注意抽象字段：与接口一样 mixin 不能真正持有状态，但可声明抽象字段（定义 getter/setter，无实际存储）。

闭包（Closures）

Fantom 支持一等函数与闭包，标准 API 大量使用函数式。闭包语法有点像 Ruby；集合遍历几乎总用闭包：

// print a list of strings
list := ["red", "yellow", "orange"]
list.each |Str color| { echo(color) }

// print 0 to 9
10.times |Int i| { echo(i) }

闭包函数签名可从上下文推断：

10.times |i| { echo(i) }

It-block 是隐含参数为 it 的特殊闭包：

10.times { echo(it) }

也常用闭包把代码块传给标准方法：

// sort a list of files by timestamp
files = files.sort |a, b| { a.modified <=> b.modified }

闭包本质上就是创建 Func 实例的表达式：

// create a function that adds two integers
add := |Int a, Int b->Int| { return a + b }
nine := add(4, 5)

动态编程（Dynamic Programming）

需要时可用关键特性摆脱强类型束缚：用 . 访问时编译器做类型检查；也可用 -> 动态调用跳过检查：

obj->foo         // obj.trap("foo", [,])
obj->foo(2, 3)   // obj.trap("foo", [2, 3])
obj->foo = 7     // obj.trap("foo", [7])

-> 其实是调用 Obj.trap 的语法糖；默认用反射调方法或访问字段。也可覆盖 trap 以创意方式处理动态调用。

另一便利是把 Obj 当通配：可赋给任意类型或传入方法而无须显式转型：

Obj obj
Str s := obj->foo     // Str s := (Str)obj->foo
Int.fromStr(obj)      // Int.fromStr((Str)obj)

可空类型（Nullable Types）

类型可为可空或不可空。不可空保证永不存 null；可空在类型后加 ?。默认不可空，除非另行指定：

Str   // never stores null
Str?  // might store null

编译器会拦明显错误（如对不可空使用 null 字面量）。可空强制为不可空时运行时还有隐式检查，使 null 问题在引入点快速失败，而不是扩散到无关代码。

序列化（Serialization）

序列化语法是编程语言的子集，因而可在代码里用序列化搭建任意复杂对象结构，且对人友好可读可写：

@Serializable class Person
{
  Str? name
  Int age
  Person[]? children
}

// built up tree of objects in code (or from file)
homer := Person
{
  name = "Homer Simpson"
  age  = 39
  children =
  [
    Person { name = "Bart";   age = 7 },
    Person { name = "Lisa";   age = 5 },
    Person { name = "Maggie"; age = 1 }
  ]
}

// dump serialized structure to console
Env.cur.out.writeObj(homer, ["indent":2])

不可变性（Immutability）

类可声明为 const 以创建不可变类：

const class Point
{
  new make(Int x, Int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y }
  const Int x
  const Int y
}

const 类的字段本身也须 const，并在构造器中赋值。为防线程共享可变状态，静态字段必须始终为 const：

const static Point origin := Point(0, 0)

List/Map 可用 toImmutable 变为不可变：

vowels := ['a','e','i','o','u'].toImmutable

Actors（并发角色）

Fantom 含 Actor 框架用于构建并发应用：

// spawn actor which aynchronously increments an Int msg
actor := Actor(group) |Int msg->Int| { msg + 1 }

// send some messages to the actor and block for result
for (i:=0; i<5; ++i) echo(actor.send(i).get)

为什么选择 Fantom（WhyFantom）

概述

Fantom 存在的理由：编写可移植软件——服务端跑在 JVM，并转译为 JavaScript 做 Web 前端。2005 年起步，正值 Java 语言停滞期，也早于任何可转译到 JS 的静态类型方案。

可移植性

最初目标是同时无缝跑在 JVM 与 .NET CLR。后来重心转向 JavaScript 以在浏览器运行。.NET 运行时已不再积极开发，但足以跑核心栈。如今专注 JVM，并为 Web 应用转译到 JavaScript。

独特之处在于从一开始就面向多运行时。因此用一套干净 API 抽象底层 Java/C#/JS。我们认为这是主要优势之一：得以打造比底层更优雅易用的系统 API。

从底层为可移植而设计，面向新平台应相对容易。未来可能包括 iPhone 的 Objective-C/Swift、LLVM 或 WASM。

优雅的 API

审美因人而异——但我们执着于把 Fantom API 做美。Java/.NET API 多年积累已显杂乱。有些 API 很糟：Java 的 Calendar 是反面教材，要用怪异的 C 式常量，月份从 0 起、星期却从 1 起！

部分是历史包袱，更多是 Java/.NET 的 API 哲学：大量过度抽象又能力不足的小类。Fantom 相反——少量但强大的类。例如 java.io 有 60+ 类型，做点事要三四个类，忘了缓冲流性能就崩；即便如此，把文件按行解析仍很繁琐。Fantom 把多数 java.io 能力收成四个类：File、Buf、InStream、OutStream。默认缓冲，支持二进制与文本，并内置大量便捷方法。

强类型与动态类型

业界在强类型与动态类型阵营间分裂。我们觉得两边都偏极端，故 Fantom 走中间路线。

强类型一面：字段与方法签名必须标注类型。我们认为这很好。编程是在组件间建立明确契约——类型系统不完美，但擅长文档化与定义契约。若方法吃 Str 返回 Int，就应写在代码里。

除此之外对类型声明较宽松：局部变量与集合字面量常用类型推断。

有时确实需要动态类型。关键特性是可用强类型或动态方式调用：. 经编译器检查并编成高效操作码；-> 则动态调用、跳过类型检查，可做鸭子类型。-> 实际路由到可覆盖的 Obj.trap，便于各种动态设计。

泛型（Generics）

有趣的是，Fantom 在减弱过度强类型时，Java/C# 却在加强。泛型即一例——二者近年才加入。完全参数化类型系统很复杂；我们努力在价值与复杂度间找平衡。

目前泛型是有限支持：尚无用户自定义泛型。但内置 List、Map、Func 可用特殊语法参数化。例如 Int 列表写成 Int[]（类似 Java/C# 数组语法）。这一折中既发挥泛型价值，又不拖垮类型系统。

模块化（Modularity）

模块化是 CS 入门就学的好设计基础：把程序拆成可复用块，便于版本管理、分发，并通过清晰依赖组合。

Java 几十年所谓模块管理就是 JAR——等于没有。Jigsaw 到 Java 9 才发布，要克服多年无模块的惯性，且为了往非模块系统上叠模块而过度复杂。

JavaScript 也是天生无内置模块的典型；像 Java 一样模块是事后补的，且晚于 Fantom 多年。

.NET 在模块化上较认真，高层版本、GAC 等设计不错，细节却不尽如人意。Java 用简单灵活的 ZIP；.NET 用不透明 DLL 与大量 Windows 包袱，难用。还要另带未文档化的 pdb 才能得到有意义堆栈，更不合理。

Fantom 一切围绕称为 pod 的模块单元：版本与部署单位，经清晰依赖组合；像 Java 一样就是可轻松查看的 ZIP。

命名空间与部署

Java（.NET 较轻）把命名空间与部署分开：包管命名空间，JAR 管部署，二者无对应，加剧 classpath 地狱——缺类时类名看不出在哪个 JAR。

类型命名空间与部署命名空间虽灵活，也添不必要复杂度。Fantom 用固定三层 pod::type.slot：第一层永远是 pod 名，同时也是部署与版本单位。用 pod 组装大型系统时这种一致性很重要——如序列化类型 acme::Foo 立刻知道要哪个 pod。

面向对象

Java 重要折中之一是原始类型：不是真正 Object，导致各种特例；但对数值性能很重要。后来用自动装箱打补丁，类型系统仍割裂。

.NET 用值类型优雅解决：有原始类型性能，又干净地继承 System.Object。

Fantom 跟随 .NET 值类型模型：Bool、Int、Float 在 Java 上是原始类型、在 .NET 是值类型，性能等同 boolean/long/double，又干净继承 Obj 形成统一层次；编译器按需自动装箱拆箱。

函数式编程

Fantom 起步时 Java 几乎没有函数式支持。Java 8 加了很多，但函数仍非类型系统中真正的一等公民。

Fantom 从一开始就把函数当一等对象；闭包是语言关键特性，API 在合适处使用函数与闭包。

声明式编程

代码里常需声明数据结构（如 list/map）。在 Java/C# 里这些事噪音大、冗长难看，于是声明部分常被赶到 XML/JSON/YAML。

Fantom 把声明式编程纳入语言：list、map、range、uri、duration 均有字面量；还有可读可写的文本序列化语法，是语言的干净子集——可把序列化文件直接贴进源码当表达式。

并发（Concurrency）

主流语言多用共享状态：线程共享内存，须仔细加锁防竞态，锁用错会死锁。这是较低层的并发手段，也难以做出可组合组件。

Fantom 用若干技术应对并发：

语言内置不可变（线程安全类）
静态字段必须不可变（无共享可变状态）
Actor 消息传递（Erlang 风格并发）

细节之处

新语言的好处是能从白纸修掉烦人细节（Fantom 就是为解决我们自己的痛点）。相对 Java，我们还加入：

默认参数：方法可有默认实参——不必再为便捷重载写样板代码
类型推断：局部变量可推断类型
字段访问器：隐式定义——又一处 Java 惯用写法信噪比低的地方
可空类型：在代码中声明参数/返回值是否允许 null，而非只靠文档
受检异常：受检异常是有害语法盐——难扩展、难版本演进、妨碍可组合系统，这也是 Anders Hejlsberg 不在 C# 中采用的原因。
数值精度：不提供 32/16/8 位整型与浮点，只有 64 位 Int 与 Float，消除文件长度、Unicode、超大列表等精度复杂度。底层 Java/C# 实现仍可能用 16 位字符与 32 位 int，但 Fantom API 面向未来。

Fantom 入门与概述（docIntro） ​

manual ​

Fantom 入门与概述（docIntro） ​

chapters ​

变更日志（Change Log） ​

常见问题（Faq） ​

如何联系？ ​

这门语言以前是不是叫 Fan？ ​

Fantom 使用什么许可证？ ​

Fantom 目前状态如何？ ​

版本号如何编号？ ​

Hello World（HelloWorld） ​

安装与配置 ​

Fantom Shell ​

Fantom 脚本 ​

Fantom Pod（程序包） ​

Fantom WebApp ​

许可证（License） ​

Academic Free License 3.0 ​

Fantom 说明（Readme） ​

快速链接 ​

Setup ​

工具 ​

文档 ​

社区 ​

从这里开始（StartHere） ​

深入学习 ​

快速开始 ​

社区资源 ​

文档组织 ​

学习 Fantom ​

参与贡献 ​

特性速览（Tour） ​

Hello World ​

字面量（Literals） ​

表达式（Expressions） ​

字符串（Strings） ​

语句（Statements） ​

字段（Fields） ​

方法（Methods） ​

构造器（Constructors） ​

继承（Inheritance） ​

混入（Mixins） ​

闭包（Closures） ​

动态编程（Dynamic Programming） ​

可空类型（Nullable Types） ​

序列化（Serialization） ​

不可变性（Immutability） ​

Actors（并发角色） ​

为什么选择 Fantom（WhyFantom） ​

概述 ​

可移植性 ​

优雅的 API ​

强类型与动态类型 ​

泛型（Generics） ​

模块化（Modularity） ​

命名空间与部署 ​

面向对象 ​

函数式编程 ​

声明式编程 ​

并发（Concurrency） ​

细节之处 ​

Fantom 入门与概述（docIntro）

manual

Fantom 入门与概述（docIntro）

chapters

变更日志（Change Log）

常见问题（Faq）

如何联系？

这门语言以前是不是叫 Fan？

Fantom 使用什么许可证？

Fantom 目前状态如何？

版本号如何编号？

Hello World（HelloWorld）

安装与配置

Fantom Shell

Fantom 脚本

Fantom Pod（程序包）

Fantom WebApp

许可证（License）

Academic Free License 3.0

Fantom 说明（Readme）

快速链接

Setup

工具

文档

社区

从这里开始（StartHere）

深入学习

快速开始

社区资源

文档组织

学习 Fantom

参与贡献

特性速览（Tour）

Hello World

字面量（Literals）

表达式（Expressions）

字符串（Strings）

语句（Statements）

字段（Fields）

方法（Methods）

构造器（Constructors）

继承（Inheritance）

混入（Mixins）

闭包（Closures）

动态编程（Dynamic Programming）

可空类型（Nullable Types）

序列化（Serialization）

不可变性（Immutability）

Actors（并发角色）

为什么选择 Fantom（WhyFantom）

概述

可移植性

优雅的 API

强类型与动态类型

泛型（Generics）

模块化（Modularity）

命名空间与部署

面向对象

函数式编程

声明式编程

并发（Concurrency）

细节之处